The course provides a microeconomic foundation for how to analyse the decisions made by both consumers and firms, and how these decisions shape the demand and supply in markets. Students will first be introduced to the basic concepts in consumer theory, and how these can be used to analyse the demand for goods and services. Then we will cover how firms supply products based on consumer demand and the cost of different input factors, using the theory of cost minimization and profit maximization. Finally, we will analyse different types of markets, investigate so-called market failures that threaten an efficient allocation of resources, and the role for policy interventions to promote a sustainable society for both today's and future generations. Throughout the course, students will get hands-on experience on how they can use available market data to understand and improve the decisions made by firms and consumers.