This course offers a balanced treatment of real options theory focusing on applications within the area of emerging technologies and the energy sector. Real options account for decision making under uncertainty while reflecting the value from embedded managerial discretion. Examples of the latter include discretion over investment timing, capacity size, operations, and technology choice. Since investment and operational problems in the energy sector are sensitive to a wide range of uncertainties, e.g. price, technological and policy, they are amenable to analysis by the real options approach as it accounts for uncertainty, technology choice, and strategic interactions. Consequently, real options theory allows for the assessment of strategies that would not have been able to be addressed otherwise, and, therefore, offers an enhancement of the traditional net present value (NPV) approach, which is unable to capture the value of discretion over the timing and sequential decision- making. In this course, we will begin with a thorough treatment of the theory of real options and present the latest developments by discussing topics from recent research papers. Subsequently, we will proceed to illustrate how it may be applied to relevant problems in the energy sector and emerging technologies within a deregulated environment