This module covers some recent advances in the macroeconomics literature, which depart from rational expectations modeling and Bayesian learning. We will cover three topics: (1) ambiguity (on which we will focus mostly), (2) bounded rationality, (3) diagnostic expectations. We will review the main concepts and cover some applications, which include asset pricing, business cycles, heterogeneous beliefs, and incomplete markets. For each application, we emphasize the specific economic question as well as the associated methodological aspects. Throughout the applications, we will encounter and analyze additional specific concepts and issues pertaining to that literature.